Meanings
This word in latin (in single) means work. Abbreviated as Op. for single and Opp. for plural.
Title page of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.3, Op. 37. Opus number is under Beethoven's name.
Using
This number is assigned by individual composers for each or a set of compositions to identify their works. Also assigned to whole work of opera.
History
Before 19th century, opus numbers were not assigned and published chronologically, especially in Baroque and Classic Period. Since about 1800, many composers, especially Beethoven, assigned their work with opus number, but selectively. So, there are many works are put opus number after the death of composer, assigned as Op. posth. After 1900 most of composers put opus number on their works.
Alternative catalogue number
Opus number, in fact, is not a good indicator of chronological order of works. Therefore, many music scholars did a research and made a catalogue of some composer's works.
1. K or KV for Köchel-Verzeichnis (in German). Use for Mozart's compositions.Named from Ludwig von Köchel, who catalogued Mozart's works.
2. BWV (Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis). Use for Bach's works. Developed by Wolfgang Schmieder. Thematically grouped, not chronically.
3. D. for Franz Schubert's works. Developed by Otto Erich Deutsch.
4. RV (Ryom-Verzeichnis) for Antonio Vivaldi's catalogue. Created by Peter Ryom
5. Hob. for Hoboken-Verzeichnis for Joseph Haydn's works. Created by Anthony van Hoboken. Grouped by form of work, except for some Haydn's string quartets, which are assigned by opus number.
6. WoO (Werke ohne Opuszhal or Work without opus number in English) used for Beethoven's works which opus numbers not assigned or are fragmented.
7. WAB (Werkeverzeichnis Antonin Bruckner) Assigned for Antonin Bruckner's works, not included unfinished or unclassified works, which are assigned WAB deest. Compiled by Renata Grasberger.
8. S. for Franz Liszt's works. Developed by Humphery Searle.
9. L. for Claude Debussy's compositions. Created by François Lesure.
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